Feb 03

Another positive day on European markets has seen equities hit 6 month highs largely as a result of a blowout number for January employment data out of the US.

January non-farm payrolls confounded market expectations, coming in at 243k, 103k above market consensus of 140k, while the unemployment rate declined again to 8.3%, its lowest level since February 2009.

It makes the recent caution displayed by the Fed Chairman Bernanke about the state of the US economy all the more puzzling for investors.

Nevertheless markets liked what they saw and sent blue chips sharply higher.

The FTSE 100 spread trading market blasted through the 5,800 level to post its highest level since August last year as markets seized on the numbers as evidence that the US recovery remains on track.

The biggest gainers have been in the telecommunications and financial sectors.

Lloyds and Barclays are the pick amongst the banks while telecom giant BT Group saw profits rise 18% for the quarter.

The best individual performer has been insurance group Admiral after it announced it was extending its reinsurance agreements with several foreign reinsurers until 2014.

The party poopers for the day have been in the oil and gas sector with Petrofac lower along with Royal Dutch Shell as investors mulled over yesterday’s disappointing results.

Gold miner Randgold Resources has also slid back in line with a weaker gold price.

US shares spread trading markets surged on the open in the wake of this afternoon’s better than expected January payrolls report, led higher by financials with Bank of America jumping sharply while Caterpillar also outperformed.

The positive sentiment was also carried forward with January Non-manufacturing ISM beating expectations of 53.2, coming in at 56.8.

These better than expected numbers suggest that market expectations of Q1 growth in the US could well get revised higher.

The US dollar has been somewhat mixed today, suffering against the Australian dollar after Chinese services PMI though showing a little weakness due to the Chinese New Year holiday, still managed to show expansion.

The Japanese yen has slipped back sharply on the back of this afternoon’s US data as capital flows back into the dollar as this afternoon’s data makes QE3 much less likely in the short term.

As a result, the single currency has also slid back, on talk that the meeting of Eurogroup finance ministers scheduled for Monday has been put back due to continued divisions about how to close the €15bn funding gap on the next Greek bailout.

Talk of the Greek PM threatening to resign sent the single currency lower while the Dutch PM insisted that the shortfall would have to come from further reforms and pay cuts.

Gold prices have slid sharply on this afternoon’s economic data out of the US as speculation about further Fed easing gets pushed into the background.

Silver prices have followed suit as the US dollar has rebounded on the better economic data.

Oil prices, on the other hand have benefitted from the better economic data seen out today pushing back towards the recent range highs for Brent, above $114, while tension in the region limits the downside, on speculation about Israeli intervention.

US crude prices have also bounced back but still remain near the bottom end of their recent ranges due to the surplus in stockpiles at Cushing.

Not surprisingly given the robust economic data seen this afternoon copper prices have jumped sharply as speculation rises that the US economy is on the mend and the economic data will continue to improve.

 

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.
 

By Micheal Hewson, Analyst, CMC Markets.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Jan 20

Global spread trading markets on the whole have had a pretty flat day today as we see some profit taking on the back of yesterday’s multi month highs.

There hasn’t been much economic news today and financial spread trading investors are happy to end the week on a good note rather than a bad one.

In shares spread trading, US Corporate earnings have been generally positive, however Googles results were worse than expected, causing their shares to take quite a considerable hit.

Vodafone received some relief today as it won its legal case in India, escaping a potential 2.9bn tax bill.

 

Market Review by Spreadex.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Jan 17

European stock markets enjoyed a strong early start to trading after Chinese GDP slowed less sharply than expected and German ZEW massively beat forecasts, triggering a rise in risk appetite from investors.

However, the longevity of today’s rally may be dictated by the success of the US earnings season, which picks up speed today with the release of Citigroup’s Q4 results.

What we have seen is commodity prices lifted by the better than expected reading of Chinese GDP, and this lift has given a correlated support to heavyweight mining and oil shares this morning.

Chinese GDP lifts stocks

Chinese GDP slowed from 9.1% to 8.9% in Q4, which proved better than many had feared, which was a fall to 8.7%.

There remain significant concerns over slowing Chinese growth and the fact that GDP has not slowed quite as quickly as most had expected helps to cool those fears.

What remains less transparent is whether this data will influence Chinese monetary policy, which has changed tact of late to help support slowing growth.

The gains we are seeing across the board for resource stocks may be scuppered should this data change the pace at which the Chinese authorities attempt to stimulate growth, though that potential appears far from the mark at present.

The FTSE 350 mining sector saw gains of 2.3% as a result, and these gains were closely followed by a similar charge higher in financial stocks, with the FTSE 350 banking sector also gaining 2% as spread trading investors’ appetite for risk increases.

ZEW see’s huge jump

The German ZEW figures smashed expectations, coming in at -21.6 which is a marked improvement from -53.8 last time around, especially when most analysts had expected a smaller rise to -50.

Current conditions also beat forecasts, with the measure rising surprisingly to 28.4 from 26.8, when a fall to 24 had been expected.

This is a huge reading, make no mistake, and whilst its important not to get too far ahead of ourselves, it’s hard not to pay attention to the fact that this is the biggest jump in the ZEW for January ever.

More evidence of consistent improvement in this reading will be needed to have a long term impact on investor sentiment.

EUR/USD rallied over 1% on the back of the ZEW figure, giving the single currency some short term relief from its recent 16 month low woes.

A smooth Spanish T-bill auction also brightened the euro’s near term prospects as bargain hunting cemented euro support.

The longevity of today’s euro gains however is less transparent with ongoing deadlock in Athens between Greece and private bondholders amidst the rising prospect of a default.

US earnings season could be a welcome blindside

We are now getting into the main calendar for major US companies reporting, with Citigroup set to announce before the US markets open and this could influence strongly how financial stocks trade into the afternoon session.

Over the next two days, we also have major US firms such as Goldman Sachs, Google, Intel and Morgan Stanley reporting.

The US earnings season could help to provide a welcome blindside for financial spread trading investors from the sovereign debt crisis and the deadlock amongst private bond holders and Greece over bond write downs. Moreover, if we get a strong earnings season, this could give stocks further support.

 

Contracts for differences (CFD) trading and spread trading carries a high level of risk to your capital with the possibility of losing more than your initial investment and may not be suitable for all investors. Ensure you fully understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

The above comments from Joshua Raymond, Chief Market Strategist, City Index.

City Index is a CFD and spread trading and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (no. 113942).

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Jan 12

The spread trading market’s surprise reaction to a clear resuscitation to the short end of European debt markets this morning had the effect of underpinning a bid to equities earlier on in the session.

This helped the case for holding risk assets for at least until the end of this week so long as macroeconomic news flows remain compatible.

But today’s strong subscription to short-dated paper shouldn’t come as much of a surprise.

If the ECB is restricted legally from soaking up the debt of struggling debtor sovereign nations, then an obvious alternative is to induce banks with cheap credit.

The new three-year funding programme established by the ECB lent €489bn to 523 banks last month.

 

Market Review by Spreadex.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Jan 10

Global markets were up across the board in today’s trading as Fitch announced that they would not downgrade Frances credit rating.

This news gave financial spread trading investors a good boost of confidence as ratings agencies still hold a great deal of power when it comes to market sentiment.

Alcoa posted positive results also helping the positive market sentiment, providing optimism ahead of the US reporting season.

It seems that Global growth hopes are outweighing Eurozone debt worries as a soft landing in China seems to still be on the cards as Asia puts in a strong performance last night.

 

Market Review by Spreadex.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Dec 13

Equity markets have had a more positive bias today, however caution remains about the overall outlook in the face of the situation in Europe, with markets slipping from their highs in the afternoon session.

Successful T-bill auctions from Spain and Greece has prompted some buying ahead of the last Fed meeting of 2011, with some expectations that the Fed could extend its low rate vow through until mid-2013. While this may not happen soon it sends a message that policy could remain accommodative for even longer than previously speculated.

The oil and gas sector has led the gains today on the back of some positive broker notes on oil prices, due to fears over supply disruptions.

This has seen BG Group, BP and Royal Dutch Shell push higher while oil services have also rebounded with Petrofac leading the gainers.

Mining stocks have also bounced back after reports that Australia upped its export forecasts for next year on coal, copper, iron ore and gold.

On the downside Whitbread is the biggest faller after reporting that sales growth slowed in the third quarter at its Costa Coffee shops and Premier Inn chain of hotels. Fashion retailer Burberry is also underperforming.

US markets opened higher this morning despite US retail sales missing sharply to the downside, coming in at 0.2%, well below market expectations of a rise of 0.6% and going against speculation of a black Friday bounce.

Earnings news was also disappointing with electrical retailer Best Buy reporting that Q3 profit fell 13% expectations was for EPS of $0.51c however they only came in at $0.42c share.

Rumours in the afternoon of Iranian military exercises in the Straits of Hormuz sent oil prices higher and with that, oil shares as Chevron led the gainers, followed by ExxonMobil. Financials have also bounced back with Bank of America leading the way.

The US dollar has slipped back today finding it difficult to break above the triple resistance against a basket of currencies which currently sits at 79.85.

The main gainer has been the Australian dollar on the back of that report out of Australia about increased export forecasts, dragging the Kiwi along in its wake.

Slightly softer bond yields in Europe saw the single currency initially find some support today after Spain, Greece and the EFSF managed to raise money by way of T-Bills. This was soon undone on a report that Angela Merkel had blocked any increase in upper limit on the new bailout fund (ESM), from the current €500bn ceiling, hitting. This sent the euro spread trading market to its January lows.

The pound has managed to stay fairly steady after inflation numbers came in as expected suggesting that inflationary pressures may be starting to ease.

Countering that the Bank’s chief economist Spencer Dale suggested inflation may stay stickier than anticipated as we head in to 2012, saying he needed to be convinced that inflation was on a downward path before committing to more QE in the New Year.

Oil prices jumped sharply in the afternoon session on reports of Iranian military exercises in the Straits of Hormuz, which was later denied by an Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman, while vague talk of QE hints also helped underpin prices.

Copper prices have pulled back some ground on the back of the increased export forecasts out of Australia.

Gold prices have rebounded from seven week lows as the US dollar has weakened today, however the fact that it closed below the 144 day MA for the first time since January 2009, suggests that we could see further weakness in the short term towards $1,618 and the 200 day MA.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.
 

By Micheal Hewson, Analyst, CMC Markets.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Dec 12

European markets have dropped sharply today in the wake of the fudge that was last week’s euro summit.

Despite the noise surrounding the perceived isolation of the UK, this remains a sideshow to the overall problem as European leaders continue to berate the doctor, while neglecting to deal with the underlying symptoms of the debt crisis.

Ratings agency Moody’s also weighed into the debate by warning that it would review its ratings on all EU nations in the first quarter of 2012, while markets wait nervously for an update from S&P after their threat last week to revisit the ratings question after the summit.

The determination of EU leaders to enforce even more austerity by way of the fiscal compact will have an even more cancerous effect on growth in Europe and exacerbate the already weak outlook for Europe into 2012.

The biggest losers are not unexpectedly the cyclical basic resource stocks of the miners as investors start to price in a prolonged recession in Europe, while Eurasian Natural Resources is down on alleged reports of corruption at one of its Kazakh subsidiaries.

Financials are also getting hit hard with Lloyds Banking Group and Royal Bank of Scotland both lower. The FSA report on the collapse of RBS didn’t really shed any new light on the failings that caused the bank to be bailed out with the main criticisms being of the fragmented regulatory regime in place at the time.

On the plus side defensives are popular again with tobacco, utilities and health care stocks pushing higher. GlaxoSmithKline is the lead gainer, while BAT and Imperial Tobacco are also higher.

In the absence of any market data ahead of tomorrow’s last FOMC meeting of the year US markets took their cues from Europe, opening lower as concerns about Europe prompt investors to adopt a safety first mentality.

Financials bore the brunt once again with Bank of America and JP Morgan lower while the biggest faller has been chipmaker Intel after posting a profits warning for Q4, cutting its revenue guidance due to hard disk supply shortages.

The US dollar is the biggest gainer today as markets go into risk off mode with the Scandinavian and commodity currencies bearing the brunt of most of the losses.

The single currency has also slid back with the euro hitting its lowest levels against the pound since early March, while against the US dollar it is testing back towards its November lows.

Italy did manage to sell €7bn of 1 year bills at 5.95% with a bid to cover ratio of 1.925, just below the previous 6.087% which on the face of it looks good, however it overlooks the fact that Italian bond yields were much higher at the previous auction, and have since slid back.

The pound has performed fairly well despite the political fallout from David Cameron’s veto, suggesting markets are sanguine about the UK being adversely affected by last week’s events.

The gold spread trading market has been clobbered today revisiting its November lows, causing some concern to gold bulls as it pushes to its lowest levels since October, while silver has also fallen back sharply.

Moody’s statement that they would be reviewing the ratings of all EU nations on Q1 of 2012 has sent oil prices sharply lower today as worry that the tightening of budget rules, will ultimately weigh down any European recovery for the foreseeable future.

Copper prices have also dropped after industrial production data in China suggested that output was slowing down sharply, as it grew at its slowest pace since August 2009, while concerns about growth in Europe are also weighing on the price.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.
 

By Micheal Hewson, Analyst, CMC Markets.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Dec 08

Global markets experienced modest gains following the Bank of England’s decision to maintain interest and stimulation measures to motivate growth within the UK economy.

The much anticipated ECB rate cut was also in line with expectations causing few waves within the spread trading markets as investor’s trepidation constrained any paradigm shifts.

Weekly unemployment claims from the US were better than expected, which injected more growth, and range, into the markets. However, this was short lived as ECB President Draghi failed to confirm an expected increase in current bond purchasing programs during a press conference sending markets tumbling.

Arguably, an air of apprehension still remains as investors hope to see a coup de grace towards European debt pessimism tomorrow and a more detailed plan as to how the continuing Eurozone debt crisis will finally be overcome.

 

Market Review by Spreadex.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Dec 07

The FTSE 100 and peer EU Indices saw a sharp reversal from gains of near 1% within the first hour of trading to lose over 1% going into the close, weighed down by weakness in financial stocks.

We have started to hear the first real signs of tension between EU leaders and politicians as they prepare to descend upon Brussels for what is fast being labelled as ‘make or break’ time for the Eurozone.

Earlier in the morning, a senior German figure told reporters that last week’s progress, that saw France and Germany agree fresh measures for a new EU Treaty, had lost momentum and they were feeling more pessimistic this week about making significant progress.

Whilst there is every chance that this could simply be a PR tactic to downgrade market expectations after a week of optimism building, shares spread trading investors are not taking any chances.

This has put a bit of a dampener on the optimism that has driven stock markets higher over the past week and a half, and convinced many investors to start locking in their profits in case of a bad disappointment from Brussels if EU leaders fail to agree on fresh measures to contain the crisis.

Indeed, much of the optimism we have seen over the past week has been triggered by expectations of a greater role in the crisis of the ECB.

With that role likely to be dictated by progress being made amongst EU leaders to agree a fiscal union, eyes remain firmly on Brussels.

The profit taking escalated into the afternoon session after details of the Franco-German proposal to Herman Van Rompuy, the European Council President, emerged showing that the two nations want to include within the new EU framework a common corporate tax base and the much maligned financial transaction tax.

This weighed on banking stocks and trading firms in afternoon trade.

With so much at stake and early optimism starting to wane, it’s only natural that investors downsize the amount of risk they have built up over the past week.

From the lows of the November 25th to today’s highs, the FTSE 100 has rallied 11%, which is a big rally in such a short space of time.

Has market confidence been so high to warrant a rally of this amount?

Perhaps not and with cracks starting to appear in the EU’s thinly layered unity ahead of tomorrow’s start of the EU Summit, investors have moved to protect their profits.

We are entering into the business end of the trading year now with so much at stake over the next 48 hours with the EU Summit in Brussels.

The next 48 hours will likely prove crucial in either giving investors enough confidence to believe that the Eurozone can be saved or not.

We will see over the course of events in Brussels whether EU leaders can deliver the sort of solidarity and fiscal changes the market needs to see to contain the debt crisis and set stocks up for a Christmas rally.

There is every chance that with the stakes so high and all investor attentions towards developments in Brussels, we could see a very edgy and nervy market over the course of Thursday and Fridays sessions, with prices reacting to all news, rumour and speculation out of Belgium.

Any surprises from the ECB’s rate decision at lunch time tomorrow could also see sharp moves in stock markets, where Mario Draghi is expected to cut rates by 25 basis points yet again and could signal fresh liquidity support.

Banks and insurers were the key drags on the FTSE 100 today, with both sectors losing between 0.7% and 1% on the day. Royal Bank of Scotland, Man Group and Kazakhmys all fell around 2% as a result, whilst ICAP was the worst performing stock, losing 5%.

 

Contracts for differences (CFD) trading and spread trading carries a high level of risk to your capital with the possibility of losing more than your initial investment and may not be suitable for all investors. Ensure you fully understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.

The above comments from Sean Power, Equity Analyst, City Index.

City Index is a CFD and spread trading and is authorised and regulated by the Financial Services Authority (no. 113942).

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

Dec 06

Despite the S&P warning of sovereign downgrades for 15 euro nations as well as a warning about the EFSF, the bailout fund, European stock markets have held up rather well, given the negative news flow.

The reality is that S&P’s warning only confirms what the market is already looking at pricing in, on yields in the sovereign bond markets.

The resilience may also have more to do with the fact that S&P caveated their warnings over the outcome of this weekend’s EU summit.

The main gainers today have been the more defensive sectors from healthcare and telecommunications.

Glaxo and AstraZeneca are amongst the gainers, gaining on the back of an upgrade of Shire by Goldman Sachs.

BT and Vodafone are also doing well as are technology stocks Sage Group.

Building supplies company Wolseley was also among the outperformers after reporting a 16% increase in Q1 profit.

On the downside the underperformers have been retail stocks Next and Marks and Spencer. This comes after the British Chamber of Commerce announced that retail sales for November slumped 1.6% well below expectations of -0.5%.

With heavy discounting expected in the lead-up to Christmas expect that these companies could well see their margins significantly impacted.

Banks are also lower on a read across from the European banks where the possibility of a sovereign ratings downgrade could well impact adversely on bank ratings where the bank has an implicit link to the sovereign.

US markets opened higher despite the concerns from Europe, though financials have slipped back with JP Morgan the biggest faller on the Dow.

On the plus side 3M is near the top of the Dow after announcing that it looked likely to meet its current fiscal year and 2012 profit outlook.

General Electric was near the top of the Dow after seeing its outlook raised by Bernstein.

It’s been a mixed day for the US dollar with the Canadian dollar the best performer on the day after building permits for October jumped 11.9%, well above expectations of 1.6%.

The Swiss franc is the worst performer after Swiss CPI slipped 0.5% and raising expectations of further Swiss National bank intervention to weaken the franc and stave off deflation.

The Australian dollar has also slid back after last night’s decision by the RBA to cut interest rates by 0.25%.

The GBP has lost ground on the back of a sharp fall in retail sales for November of 1.5%.

Despite the downgrade threat by S&P the gold price has slid sharply towards its 55 day MA currently around the $1,701 level.

There is potential for further declines towards $1,680 and even lower than that without undermining the potential for further gains in the near term.

Oil prices have been mixed sliding back initially on speculation about the downgrade threat but Brent continues to remain underpinned on concern surrounding the Iranian situation.

Copper prices have slid back over the last couple of days over concerns that the Chinese economy may slow down and the continued fears about problems within Europe.

CFDs, FX and Spread Trading are leveraged products and carry a high level of risk to your capital. It is possible to lose more than your initial investment. These products may not be suitable for all investors, therefore ensure you understand the risks involved and seek independent advice if necessary.
 

By Micheal Hewson, Analyst, CMC Markets.

Tax treatment depends on the individual circumstances of each client and may be subject to change in the future.

This material should not be construed in any circumstances as a recommendation or offer to sell or recommendation or solicitation of any offer to buy any security or other financial instrument

The material is not a personal recommendation and you should seek independent advice as to your suitability to speculate in any related markets and your ability to assume the associated risks if you are at all unsure, as well as confirming the legal, tax and accounting characteristics and consequences of any transaction.

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